Ripples
Trace how one event triggered another across decades — 4 cause-effect chains from 1848 to 1947
From Doctrine to Revolt
Doctrine of Lapse
Dalhousie annexes kingdoms (Satara, Jhansi, Nagpur)
Annexation of Awadh
Nawab deposed, soldiers' families affected
Greased Cartridges
Greased cartridges spark fury at Meerut
Revolt Spreads
Delhi, Lucknow, Kanpur, Jhansi rise up
Crown Takes Over
British Crown takes over from East India Company
Queen's Proclamation
Promises of reform (largely unfulfilled)
Bengal to Separate Electorates
Partition of Bengal
Curzon splits Bengal along religious lines
Swadeshi Movement
Swadeshi Movement erupts — boycott of British goods
Muslim League Founded
Muslim League founded at Dhaka — fears of Hindu majority domination
Surat Split
Congress fractures into Moderates and Extremists
Morley-Minto Reforms
Separate electorates institutionalized
Partition Reversed
Bengal Partition reversed, but communal electorates remain permanent
Massacre to Mass Movement
Rowlatt Act
Wartime emergency powers made permanent
Jallianwala Bagh Massacre
379+ killed in Amritsar
Non-Cooperation Movement
Gandhi's first nationwide call
Chauri Chaura
Mob burns police station, Gandhi halts NCM
Simon Commission Boycotted
"Simon Go Back"; Lala Lajpat Rai killed
Civil Disobedience Movement
Salt March electrifies India
War to Freedom
WWII Begins
Viceroy declares India at war without consulting Indians
August Offer Rejected
Too little, too late
Cripps Mission Fails
"A post-dated cheque on a crashing bank"
Quit India
"Do or Die"; massive underground resistance
INA Trials at Red Fort
Bhagat Singh's legacy revived
Royal Indian Navy Revolt
British realize military is unreliable
Independence
Mountbatten Plan and Independence